GLP-1 and Muscle Loss: How Much of the Weight Is Lean Mass
Lean mass is roughly a quarter to two-fifths of the weight lost on semaglutide and tirzepatide. Whether that figure is alarming depends entirely on what you compare it against.
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The incretin drugs, what their trials actually showed, and the questions the headlines skip.
Lean mass is roughly a quarter to two-fifths of the weight lost on semaglutide and tirzepatide. Whether that figure is alarming depends entirely on what you compare it against.
Semaglutide and tirzepatide weight curves flatten months before the trials end. That flattening is energy balance settling at a new equilibrium, not the drug wearing off.
Oral and injectable semaglutide are the same peptide. Only about one percent of a swallowed dose is absorbed, and that single fact explains the tablet strengths, the fasting rule and the variability.
Retatrutide's phase 2 results are the largest average weight reductions yet reported for a drug. They also come from a 48-week mid-stage trial in a few hundred people, with no outcome data and no approval anywhere.
Two randomised trials have compared these drugs directly, one in type 2 diabetes and one in obesity. Both favoured tirzepatide. Here is what each actually measured, and what it does not settle.
Stop a GLP-1 and the weight comes back. The STEP 1 extension, STEP 4 and SURMOUNT-4 measured how much returns, how fast, and what happens to blood pressure, lipids and glucose as it does.